There are typically no significant findings in the patient’s history, clinical examination or radiographic evaluation to explain the loss of motion or pain.
Phase 1 Freezing This phase is characterized by severe pain followed by a progressive loss of range of movement. During this phase, the patient benefits from learning pain-relieving techniques. Some of these techniques include gentle shoulder movement within the endured range (for example pendulum work out, passive supine forward elevation, passive external rotation, and active-assisted range of motion in extension, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation). ![]() Phase 2 Frozen The early transition from phase one to two can be painful. Late phase two is generally pain-free but functionally limiting due to the stiffness Like the freezing phase, a warmth or ice pack can be used amid the frozen phase to alleviate pain before the beginning of activities. In addition to this, some home activities can be done within the tolerated limit. Specifically, things that need to be done include stretching exercise for the chest muscles and muscles at the back of the shoulder which must be adhered to. It is also advisable to engage in elevation exercises such as an external rotation stretch. This is done to avoid an increase in pain and inflammation. (3) We are dedicated to providing evidence-based Professional Development CPE - CEU workshops for Remedial Massage Therapist
Phase 3 Thawing
During this phase, the patient encounters a gradual return of range of motion. It is essential to get the shoulder back to its normal position as quickly as possible by regaining whole movement and strength. Moreover, strengthening workouts are crucial; this is because the shoulder is severely weakened after some months of little movement.
A note on treatment options
Treatment options which can be used as a first-line of treatment for adhesive capsulitis include physical therapy and home exercises. (4) Physical therapy is known for its effectiveness in alleviating pain and restoring of functional motion. (5) The use of physical therapy in tandem with NSAIDs makes it more effective than using NSAIDs alone. (6) Similarly, some investigations on intra-articular corticosteroids when used in combination with physical therapy brought about better results when compared with intraarticular corticosteroids alone. (7, 8)
This article is based on the paper
Chan HBY, Pua PY, How CH. Physical therapy in the management of frozen shoulder. Singapore Med J. 2017;58(12):685-689. LINK REFERENCES
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